Basic Information Research Articles

Aggregation of Basic Uncertain Information With Two-Step Aggregation Frame

Aggregation of Basic Uncertain Information With Two-Step Aggregation Frame

Assessing Master Gardener Practices and Confidence in Responding to Clientele Questions about Home Food Preservation in Texas

Interest in home food preservation has grown, especially among those who grow their own produce. Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs) are trained to teach consumers how to produce fruits, vegetables, and herbs, but little is known about how often they are asked questions about how to preserve them or their ability to answer such questions. This study used an online survey to ask EMGs across Texas about their food preservation practices and the extent to which they are asked questions about home food preservation. We also assessed their perceived confidence in answering those questions using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not confident at all; 5 = very confident). Most (91%) of the 1875 EMGs who responded reported preserving food using one or more methods. More than half (n = 1034; 55%) had been asked questions about home food preservation, but their level of confidence in answering those questions ranged from a high of 3.1 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD) for freezing fruits and vegetables to a low of 1.6 ± 1.1 for pressure canning low-acid foods. Interest in learning more about home food preservation was high, especially regarding safe practices and recipes, drying herbs, freezing fruits and vegetables, and canning salsa and tomato products. The results suggest that EMG training programs could benefit from including basic information about home food preservation, especially sources of reliable information and recipes.

An artificial intelligence application in mathematics education: Evaluating ChatGPT’s academic achievement in a mathematics exam

The aim of the research is to investigate the academic achievement of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence based chatbot, in a national mathematics exam. For this purpose, 3.5 and 4 versions of ChatGPT were asked mathematics questions in a national exam. The method of the research is a case study. In the research, 3.5 and 4 versions of ChatGPT were used as data collection tools. The answers given by both versions of ChatGPT were analyzed separately by three researchers. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was found that ChatGPT-4 was more successful in the exam compared to ChatGPT-3,5 version, was better at understanding the questions asked, understood the instructions better and included more details in the question solution, and at the same time, both versions made common and different mistakes. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that ChatGPT sometimes worked very well, sometimes only worked well and sometimes failed. In the light of the findings of the study, it can be suggested to use ChatGPT versions in mathematics education to obtain basic information and to get supervised help.

Childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: Moderated mediation effect of perceived social support and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies

BackgroundAlthough previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent suicidal ideation, less is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. ObjectiveThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among adolescents, as well as the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (maladaptive CERSs) and the moderating role of perceived social support. MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 4005 adolescents (Mage = 14.24 years, SD = 1.53; 49.0 % males) completed self-report questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, maladaptive CERSs, perceived social support and suicidal ideation, along with their basic information. ResultsAfter controlling for gender, family location, family structure, and depression, childhood maltreatment was positively related to adolescent suicidal ideation, and maladaptive CERSs were found to mediate this association. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that perceived social support buffered the associations between maladaptive CERSs and adolescent suicidal ideation. ConclusionsThe findings assist in understanding the mechanisms of maladaptive CERSs and perceived social support in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation and can provide new perspectives for researchers designing interventions for suicidal ideation.

Feasibility and clinical value of linear endoscopic ultrasonography imaging in the lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions.

Linear endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been extensively utilized as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic modality across various fields. However, there have been relatively few studies focusing on lower gastrointestinal lesions. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility, safety and clinical value of linear EUS in the lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions. This was a retrospective study involving patients with lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions diagnosed by linear EUS from August 2019 to April 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The data, including basic clinical information, linear EUS features, technical success rate, complications, and follow-up, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A total of 69 patients with lower gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions underwent examination by linear EUS. Excluding the rectum, the technical success rate of linear EUS was 90.6% (29/32). Apart from the 7 patients whose diagnosis remained unknown, 3 patients with no abnormal EUS findings, and 3 patients failed the procedure, 56 patients were included in the final diagnostic performance analysis. The most common locations of the lesions were the rectum (37/56, 66.1%) and sigmoid colon (7/56, 12.5%). Based on endoscopy findings and pathological results, the most prevalent types of subepithelial lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract were neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (12/56, 20.3%), lipoma (8/56, 13.6%) and extraluminal compression (8/56, 13.6%). The majority of lesions ranged in diameter from 1 to 3cm (χ2 = 18.750, p < 0.001). After undergoing linear EUS examination, 36 patients received EUS-FNA (3/36), biopsy (5/36), endoscopic resection (25/36), or surgical excision (3/36) respectively. The pathological results of 29 patients were entirely consistent with the diagnosis made using linear EUS, with an 80.6% (29/36) diagnostic accuracy rate. Follow-up indicated that the lesions remained unchanged within 6-36months. All patients tolerated the procedure well without any complications. In conclusion, linear EUS demonstrates technical feasibility, safety, and a high diagnostic accuracy for subepithelial lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Early ontogenesis from embryo to juvenile in Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis under laboratory conditions.

Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, is a flatfish of high commercial value in the world. It has been identified as an interesting and promising species for marine commercial aquaculture diversification in Europe for at least four decades and was introduced to China in 2003. Early ontogenesis from embryo to juvenile stages in S. senegalensis was analysed under controlled laboratory conditions to provide morphological information for aquaculture. From 0 to 59 days post hatching (dph), 10-20 larvae were sampled and measured each day (0-17 dph) or every 2-6 days (17-59 dph). Morphological characteristics from the egg to the juvenile stage were described. The eggs were separate and spherical with multiple oil globules. After 3 dph, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, mouth and anus were open, a swim bladder appeared, and larvae began feeding on rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). The larvae began metamorphosis as the notochord flexed upward and the left eye migrated upward after 10 dph. The left eye migrated to the dorsal midline at 15 dph. At 19 dph, the left eye was translocated to the right-ocular side, and the juveniles adopted a benthic lifestyle. The swim bladder degenerated, and the juveniles completed metamorphosis at 23 dph. The growth patterns of some parameters (TL, SL, BH, BW) during larval and juvenile development stages were identified. The inflection points, which are slopes of growth changes, were calculated in growth curves. Three inflection points occurring in the growth curves of larvae and juveniles were found to be associated with metamorphosis, weaning, and transitions in feeding habits. The basic information of embryo development and ontogenesis in this study represents a valuable contribution to the S. senegalensis industry, especially in artificial breeding and rearing techniques.

Effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice intervention model in the management of hypertension in the elderly.

This study illustrated the effectiveness of the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) intervention model for community hypertension in the elderly by the community physician-led, describing the study design and baseline data. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in the elderly hypertensive population before and after the KAP intervention model by managing the elderly hypertensive patients for a period of 1 year. Basic information and risk factors affecting blood pressure control based on baseline data of recruited elderly hypertensive patients. The management approach consists of two parts: (1) the unified management of the community physician to whom the patient belongs; and (2) the management of the contracted patient by the community physician. The aim was to demonstrate the anti-hypertensive effectiveness (control rate, blood pressure reduction, and pulse pressure), the distribution of blood pressure types, and the change of the KAP in elderly hypertensive patients before and after the intervention. The KAP intervention model was administered to 2660 elderly hypertensive patients in a 1-year period. The blood pressure control rate improved by 54.03%. Mean values of overall systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16.00 and 5.31mmHg, respectively. The proportion of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH) decreased by 29.14% and 24.81%, respectively. The KAP compliance improved significantly. These results suggest that the community physician-led KAP intervention model is effective in the management of hypertension in the elderly.

A review on IoT based precision irrigation planning and scheduling

Global warming and climate change are warnings showcasing water crisis. At the same time ever growing population is ultimatum to the food security. In span of such times, world has to be made a sustainable habitat. It is only possible when each ounce of resources is being measured and used judiciously. Maximum responsibility is on farmers and researchers of the world. In times of advanced technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) has surfaced as a saviour. IoT based systems have been stated as success in monitoring and control mechanisms. Thus, this paper was intended to review the control strategies and monitoring systems based on IoT. The literature incorporates basic information as well as recent trends in the field of irrigation management based on IoT.

THE ROLE OF GEOMATICS ENGINEERING IN CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES

Abstract. Geomatics Engineers acquire, manage, analyse, model and present the geo-spatially referenced data quickly, accurately and reliably. They can classify the derived data with geographic information systems and produce many models according to needs. This study focuses on the role of the geomatics discipline in combatting climate change, the capability of measuring climate change parameters and the determination of the causes of the parameters change. Basic information about the latest developments in the Geomatics discipline for climate change studies is given. Geomatics Engineer's studies for understanding Earth’s system and its response to climate change and models created for the solution are explained. Geomatics Engineering provides a wide range of geospatial data and produces applications for understanding climate change. They take place in climate change analyses by measuring various climate parameters, and by processing the atmosphere, land, glaciers and waters in various spatiotemporal analyses. The obtained results have shown the significantly important role of the geomatics discipline in obtaining, monitoring and analysing the data used for climate change effects’ mitigation. In conclusion, Geomatics Engineering contributes to the decision-makers who have a duty in struggling with climate change and all stakeholders of the subject together with practitioners at all levels to create a road map for the studies to be carried out.

Academic Electronic Health Record in Mental Health Clinical: A Quality Review.

Developing competency in the use of EHRs is essential for entry-level professional nurses. Although nursing education has been encouraged to integrate this technology into nursing curriculum, many students still graduate feeling unprepared in this area. As a result, nursing graduates lack the skills necessary to effectively use EHRs, which may have negative consequences for safe patient care. Use of academic EMRs provides students the opportunity to integrate informatics education, develop critical thinking, and incorporate problem-solving skills in the clinical area. An academic EMR was introduced to students in the second semester of a baccalaureate degree nursing program. Students completed documentation on one patient from the mental health clinical rotation. A retrospective chart review was conducted, using a rubric to determine charting efficacy. Data analysis indicated that students struggled with documentation of the mental health assessment, care plan development, and nursing notes. Student documentation was strongest in vital signs and basic information. Students need practice documenting on the critical aspects of nursing care. Utilization of an academic EMR for clinical charting provides an opportunity for students to practice documentation and develop necessary skills for clinical practice.

Ethical Considerations in Integrating AI in Research Consultations: Assessing the Possibilities and Limits of GPT-based Chatbots

Objective: This case study sought to provide early information on the accuracy and relevance of selected GPT-based product responses to basic information queries, such as might be asked in librarian research consultations. We intended to identify positive possibilities, limitations, and ethical issues associated with using these tools in research consultations and teaching.Methods: A case simulation examined the responses of GPT-based products to a basic set of questions on a topic relevant to social work students. The four chatbots (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bard, and Perplexity) were given identical question prompts, and responses were assessed for relevance and accuracy. The simulation was supplemented by reviewing actual user exchanges with ChatGPT-3.5 using a ShareGPT file containing conversations with early users.Results: Each product provided relevant information to queries, but the nature and quality of information and the formatting sophistication varied substantially. There were troubling accuracy issues with some responses, including inaccurate or non-existent references. The only paid product examined (ChatGPT-4), generally provided the highest quality information, which raises equitable access to quality technology concerns. Examination of ShareGPT conversations also raised issues regarding ethical use of chatbots to complete course assignments, dissertation designs, and other research products.Conclusions: We conclude that these new tools offer significant potential to enhance learning if well-employed. However, their use is fraught with ethical challenges. Librarians must work closely with instructors, patrons, and administrators to assure that the potential is realized while ethical values are safeguarded.

Do non-motorists understand the traffic safety laws protecting them? Results from a Chinese survey

The government of Nanjing, China, has issued several traffic laws to protect non-motorists (i.e., pedestrians, e-bike riders, cyclists). In reality, however, many non-motorists are unfamiliar with these laws, which impairs the effectiveness of laws. On this background, this study investigates road users’ knowledge on various traffic safety laws protecting non-motorists. An online survey was conducted to collect road users’ basic information and their subjective and objective knowledge of the laws. Then, A latent class analysis model is employed to distinguish between drivers and non-motorists. Furthermore, we explore the gaps between road users’ subjective and objective knowledge, and the knowledge discrepancies between different road users. Subsequently, ordered logit models are developed to identify the influencing factors of road users’ knowledge levels. Finally, text network analysis is used to assess respondent’s comments and suggestions.The results indicate that drivers are more knowledgeable about laws compared with non-motorists. Moreover, some road users have a high level of subjective knowledge but a low level of objective knowledge regarding some laws (e.g., yielding laws). Furthermore, some factors, “group membership” and “reading-news behavior”, significantly affect both subjective and objective knowledge. “Social norm” and “perceived behavioral control” could only affect subjective knowledge, while “perceptions on fine penalty” could influence objective knowledge. Besides, respondents’ positive comments are associated with their perceived benefits from the laws, while the negative comments and suggestions mainly concern non-motorist violators and knowledge discrepancies among different road users. Finally, we provide several targeted suggestions to facilitate the promotion and implementation of traffic safety laws.

Evaluation of the Current Status of Artificial Intelligence for Endourology Patient Education: A Blind Comparison of ChatGPT and Google Bard against Traditional Information Resources.

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms such as ChatGPT and Bard are increasingly utilized to answer patient healthcare questions. We present the first study to blindly evaluate AI-generated responses to common endourology patient questions against official patient education materials. Methods 32 questions and answers spanning kidney stones, ureteral stents, BPH, and UTUC were extracted from official Urology Care Foundation (UCF) patient education documents. The same questions were input into ChatGPT 4.0 and Bard, limiting responses to within  10% of the word count of the corresponding UCF response to ensure fair comparison. Six endourologists blindly evaluated responses from each platform using Likert scales for accuracy, clarity, comprehensiveness, and patient utility. Reviewers identified which response they believed was not AI-generated. Lastly, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level formulas assessed the readability of each platform response. Ratings were compared using ANOVA and Chi-Square tests. Results ChatGPT responses were rated the highest across all categories including accuracy, comprehensiveness, clarity, and patient utility while UCF answers were consistently scored the lowest, all p<0.01. Sub-analysis revealed that this trend was consistent across question categories (i.e., kidney stones, BPH, etc.). However, AI-generated responses were more likely to be classified at an advanced reading level while UCF responses showed improved readability (college or higher reading level: ChatGPT = 100%, Bard = 66%, UCF = 19%), p<0.001. When asked to identify which answer was not AI-generated, 54.2% of responses indicated ChatGPT, 26.6% indicated Bard, and only 19.3% correctly identified it as the UCF response. Conclusions In a blind evaluation, AI-generated responses from ChatGPT and Bard surpassed the quality of official patient education materials in endourology, suggesting that current AI platforms are already a reliable resource for basic urologic care information. AI-generated responses do, however, tend to require a higher reading level, which may limit their applicability to a broader audience.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Perciformes, Nototheniidae)

The humped rockcod, Gobionotothen gibberifrons, is an Antarctic fish of the genus Gobionotothen in the family Nototheniidae and order Perciformes. To date, little biological information has been recorded about the genus Gobionotothen. Here, we report the first complete mitogenome of the genus Gobionotothen. The mitochondrial genome of G. gibberifrons is 18,631 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 24 tRNA genes (trnP-UGG and trnT-UGU were duplicated), 2 rRNA genes, and non-coding control regions. The base composition was 53.74% for A + T and 46.26% for G + C. This new mitochondrial genome of G. gibberifrons provides basic information for further phylogenetic analysis, suggesting the necessity to exploit a variety of newly discovered mitogenome sequences to infer inconclusive evolutionary relationships in Antarctic fishes.

Effects of different surgical approaches on health-related quality of life in pediatric and adolescent patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric and adolescent patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent bilateral or unilateral thyroidectomy.MethodsThis prospective observational study recruited children and adolescents diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma at low risk of recurrence. Participants were categorized into bilateral or unilateral thyroidectomy groups. They were asked to complete one questionnaire regarding basic information and three others regarding quality of life. HRQOL data from patients who underwent different procedures at various time points were compared.ResultsThirty patients underwent unilateral thyroidectomy and 54 bilateral thyroidectomy (median age = 14.27 years). HRQOL of the unilateral thyroidectomy group was higher than the bilateral group.ConclusionFor children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma at low risk of recurrence, bilateral thyroidectomy is associated with a lower HRQOL than unilateral thyroidectomy. Surgeons should consider tumor impact and HRQOL when selecting the most appropriate surgical method.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 8 cases of severe infant botulism].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of severe infant botulism and evaluate the therapeutic effect of botulinum antitoxin in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases diagnosed with infantile botulism were retrospectively analyzed in the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital from October 2019 to August 2023. Data of basic demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis of each child were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Eight laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism were included in this study, all of which were male infants with an age of 6.0 (3.3,6.8) months. Three of the children were from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2 of them were from Hebei, and the other 3 were from Beijing, Shandong and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, respectively. All the patients were previously healthy. In 4 of these cases, the possible cause was the ingestion of either honey and its products or sealed pickled food by the mother or child before the onset of the disease. The first symptom was poor milk intake (4 cases), followed by shallow shortness of breath (7 cases), limb weakness (7 cases) and so on. The typical signs were bilateral dilated pupils (8 cases) and decreased limb muscle strength (8 cases). The main subtype was type B (7 cases), and only 1 case was classified as type A. Six of the children were treated with antitoxin therapy for a duration of 24 (19, 49) d. Seven of them had invasive mechanical ventilation. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 29 d to 3 years and 8 months. Six patients had fully recovered, and 2 recently discharged patients were gradually recovering. Conclusions: For infants with suspected contact or ingestion of botulinum and presented with bilateral pupillary paralysis, muscle weakness and clear consciousness, the stool should be collected for diagnostic testing using a mouse bioassay as soon as possible. Type B was the most common type. The antitoxin treatment was effectiveness and the prognosis was well.

Rapid construction method of emergency material supply chain based on shared platform covering market resources

In the early stages of emergency response, access to a robust information flow and sufficient materials is the basis for ensuring the efficient operation of the emergency material supply chain. Based on a summary of the structure and operational processes of the emergency material supply chain, this paper analyses the key elements and sources of supply chain information flow and proposes a method for integrating information flow based on shared platform. First, basic disaster information and multiscale population data are combined to determine the distribution of the affected population or shelters, and the demand assessment is completed. Then, the market material supply source information is mined, the national reserve information is integrated, and the quantity and distribution of supply sources are analysed. Finally, traffic information is obtained by calling on the real-time Amap API, the supply and demand of emergency materials are matched, and a reasonable emergency material dispatching plan is proposed. This paper considers both historical and recent cases, with case applications to the Lushan County, Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province MS7.0 earthquake; and the 2023 MW7.8 and 7.5 Turkey earthquakes, among others. The results verify that the proposed method can effectively integrate and construct the information flow of the emergency material supply chain and that the rational use of market resources can compensate for material shortages. The information flow and material flow of the emergency material supply chain can thus be maximized, indirectly reducing the losses caused by disaster emergencies.

Effect of Remifentanil on Acute and Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Our purpose was to explore the effect of remifentanil on acute and chronic postsurgical pain after cardiac surgery. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet databases, Scopus, and Web of Science. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed. Basic information and outcomes were extracted from the included studies. The primary outcome was chronic postsurgical pain. Secondary outcomes were scores of postsurgical pain and morphine consumption within 24 hours after cardiac surgery. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was based on the Cochrane ROB tool version 2. The overall quality of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Seven studies consisting of 658 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis. A single study had a high ROB and 2 studies had a moderate ROB. The incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (4 studies [415 patients]; risk ratio: 1.02 [95% CI: 0.53 to 1.95]; P = 0.95; I2 = 59%; TSA-adjusted CI: 0.78 to 1.20) and the postsurgical pain score (2 studies [196 patients]; mean difference: 0.09 [95% CI: -0.36 to 0.55]; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%; TSA-adjusted CI: -0.36 to 0.55) were not statistically different between the 2 groups. However, morphine consumption (6 studies [569 patients]; mean difference: 6.94 [95% CI: 3.65 to 10.22]; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%; TSA-adjusted CI: 0.00 to 0.49) was higher in the remifentanil group than in the control group. There was not enough evidence to prove that remifentanil can increase the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain after cardiac surgery, but interestingly, the results tended to support a trend toward increased complications in the intervention group. However, there was moderate certainty evidence that the use of remifentanil increases the consumption of morphine for analgesia, and more direct comparison trials are needed to inform clinical decision-making with greater confidence.

The severity assessment of Parkinson's disease based on plasma inflammatory factors and third ventricle width by transcranial sonography.

Predicting Parkinson's disease (PD) can provide patients with targeted therapies. However, disease severity can be roughly evaluated in clinical practice based on the patient's symptoms and signs. The current study attempted to explore the factors linked with PD severity and construct a predictive model. The PD patients and healthy controls were recruited from our study center while recording their basic demographic information. The serum inflammatory markers levels, such as Cystatin C (Cys C), C-reactive protein (CRP), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined for all the participants. PD patients were categorized into early and mid-advanced groups based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale and evaluated using PD-related scales. LASSO logistic regression analysis (Model C) helped select variables based on clinical scale evaluations, serum inflammatory factor levels, and transcranial sonography measurements. The optimal harmonious model coefficient λ was determined via 10-fold cross-validation. Moreover, Model C was compared with multivariate (Model A) and stepwise (Model B) logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operator characteristic (ROC), brier score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) helped determine the discrimination and calibration of the predictive model, followed by configuring a forest plot and column chart. The study included 113 healthy individuals and 102 PD patients, with 26 early and 76 mid-advanced patients. Univariate analysis of variance screened out statistically significant differences among inflammatory markers Cys C and RANTES. The average Cys C level in the mid-advanced stage was significantly higher than in the early stage (p < 0.001) but not for RANTES (p = 0.740). The LASSO logistic regression model (λ.1se = 0.061) associated with UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, UPDRS-III, HAMA, PDQ-39, and Cys C as the included independent variables revealed that the Model C discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.968, Brier = 0.049) were superior to Model A (AUC = 0.926, Brier = 0.079) and Model B (AUC = 0.929, Brier = 0.071) models. The study results show multiple factors are linked with PD assessment. Moreover, the inflammatory marker Cys C and transcranial sonography measurement could objectively predict PD symptom severity, helping doctors monitor PD evolution in patients while targeting interventions.

Construction of prediction model for fetal growth restriction during first trimester in an Asian population.

To construct a prediction model for fetal growth restriction (FGR) during the first trimester of pregnancy and evaluate its screening performance. This was a prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies that underwent routine ultrasound screening at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2019 and April 2022. Basic clinical information, ultrasound indicators and serum biomarkers of pregnant women were collected. Fetal weight assessment was based on the fetal growth curve for the Southern Chinese population. FGR was diagnosed according to Delphi consensus criteria. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression was used to select variables for inclusion in the model. Discrimination, calibration and clinical effectiveness of the model were evaluated in training and validation cohorts. A total of 1188 pregnant women were included, of whom 108 had FGR. Lasso regression identified seven predictive features, including history of maternal hypertension, maternal smoking or passive smoking, gravidity, uterine artery pulsatility index, ductus venosus pulsatility index and multiples of the median values of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. The nomogram prediction model constructed from these seven variables accurately predicted FGR, and the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve in the validation cohort was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.90). The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated good calibration, and the clinical decision curve and clinical impact curve supported its practical value in a clinical setting. The multi-index prediction model for FGR has good predictive value during the first trimester. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.